Explain producer consumer problem

The Producer-Consumer problem is a classical problem. The Producer-Consumer problem is used for multi-process synchronization, which means synchronization between more than one processes. In this problem, we have one producer and one consumer. The producer is the one who produces something, and the consumer is the one who consumes something, produced by the producer. The producer and consumer both share the common memory buffer, and the memory buffer is of fixed-size. The task performed by the producer is to generate the data, and when the data gets generated, and then it put the data into the buffer and again generates the data. The task performed by the consumer is to consume the data which is present in the memory buffer.

There are various types of problems in the Producer-Consumer problem:

1. At the same time, the producer and consumer cannot access the buffer.
2. The producer cannot produce the data if the memory buffer is full. It means when the memory buffer is not full, then only the producer can produce the data.
3. The consumer can only consume the data if the memory buffer is not vacant. In a condition where memory buffer is empty, the consumer is not allowed to take data from the memory buffer.