1.4. Security: Computer Security, Information Security, Network Security, CIA Triad, Cryptography, Cryptosystem, Cryptanalysis, Security Threats and Attacks, Security Services, Security Mechanisms 1.5. Classical Cryptosystems: Substitution Techniques: Ceasar, Monoalphabetic, Playfair, Hill, Polyalphabetic ciphers, One-time pad Transposition Techniques: Rail Fence Cipher 1.6. Modern Ciphers: Block vs. Stream Ciphers, Symmetric vs. Asymmetric Ciphers

2.4. Feistel Cipher Structure, Substitution Permutation Network (SPN) 2.5. Data Encryption Standards (DES), Double DES, Triple DES 2.6. Finite Fields: Groups Rings, Fields, Modular Arithmetic, Euclidean Algorithm, Galois Fields (GF(p) & GF(2n)), Polynomial Arithmetic 2.7. International Data Encryption Standard (IDEA) 2.8. Advanced Encryption Standards (AES) Cipher 2.9. Modes of Block Cipher Encryptions (Electronic Code Book, Cipher Block Chaining, Cipher Feedback Mode, Output Feedback Mode, Counter Mode)

3.4. Number Theory: Prime Numbers, Fermat’s Theorem, Euler’s Theorem, Primility Testing, Miller-Rabin Algorithm, Extended Euclidean Theorem, Discrete Logarithms 3.5. Public Key Cryptosystems, Applications of Public Key Cryptosystems 3.6. Distribution of public key, Distribution of secret key by using public key cryptography, Diffie-Helman Key Exchange, Man-in-the-Middle Attack 3.7. RSA Algorithm 3.8. Elgamal Cryptographic System

4.4. Message Authentication, Message Authentication Functions, Message Authentication Codes 4.5. Hash Functions, Properties of Hash functions, Applications of Hash Functions 4.6. Message Digests: MD4 and MD5 4.7. Secure Hash Algorithms: SHA-1 and SHA-2 4.8. Digital Signatures: Direct Digital Signatures, Arbitrated Digital Signature 4.9. Digital Signature Standard: The DSS Approach, Digital Signature Algorithm 4.10. Digital Signature Standard: The RSA Approach

5.4. Authentication System, 5.5. Password Based Authentication, Dictionary Attacks, 5.6. Challenge Response System, 5.7. Biometric System 5.8. Needham-Schroeder Scheme, Kerberos Protocol

6.1. Overview of Network Security 6.2. Digital Certificates and X.509 certificates, Certificate Life Cycle Management 6.3. PKI trust models, PKIX 6.4. Email Security: Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) 6.5. Secure Socket Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) 6.6. IP Security (IPSec) 6.7. Firewalls and their types

7.1. Malicious Logic, Types of Malicious Logic: Virus, Worm, Trojan Horse, Zombies, Denial of Service Attacks, 7.2. Intrusion, Intruders and their types, Intrusion Detection System