Explain the meaning of “fabrication of integrated circuits” Describe following processes involved in the fabrication of integrated circuits: epitaxial growth, oxidation, oxide removal and patter definition, doping and interconnection of components.

Explain the effect of external magnetic field on current carrying loops. Describe torque on La current-carrying rectangular loop of wire on a pivot rod when placed in a magnetic field. Give alternative way of increasing the torque on the coil.

What do you mean by the wavefunction? Discuss its physical significance. Set up time-independent and time-dependent Schrodinger wave equation. What are the implications of this equation? Discuss.

Derive expression for electrical conductivity of semiconductor in terms of impurity ionization energy.

Describe behavior of mobile negative charges in the Hall effect experiment.

Set up differential equation for an oscillation of a spring using Hooke’s and Newton’s second law.

What are (a) the energy, (b) the momentum, and (c) the tavelength of the photon that is
emitted when a hydrogen atom undergoes a transition from the state n = 4 to n = 2?

An oscillating block of mass 250 g takes 0.15 sec to move between the endpoints of the motion, which are 40 cm apart. Find (a) frequency and (b) amplitude of the motion, and.(c) force constant of the spring.

A potential difference of 100 V is established between the two plates one being the high potential plate (say A). A proton of charge q = 1.6 × 10^-19 C is released from plate B, the another plate. What will be the velocity of the proton when it reaches plate A? The mass of the proton is 1,67-x 10^-27 kg

An  α particle is emitted from a radioactive nuclei with an energy of 6.8 MeV. Calculate its wavelength and compare it with the size of the emitting nucleus that has a radius of 8 x 10^-15 m.

The density of aluminum is 2.70 g/cm3 and its molecular weight is 26.98 g/mole.

a. Calculate the Fermi energy
b. If the experimental value of EF is 12 eV, What is the electron effective mass in aluminum? Aluminum is trivalent.

The output of a digital circuit (y) is given by this expression:
y = (A’B’+ B’A) ((A + B)’  + C)
Where A, B and C represent inputs. Draw a circuit of above
equation using OR, AND and NOT gate and hence find its truth table.