1.1 Compiler Structure: Analysis and Synthesis Model of Compilation, different sub-phases within analysis and synthesis phases 1.2 Basic concepts related to Compiler such as interpreter, simple One-Pass Compiler, preprocessor, macros, symbol table and error handler.

2.4 Lexical Analysis: The role of the lexical analyzer, Input buffering, Specification of tokens, Recognition of tokens, Finite Automata, Regular Expression to an NFA, Design of a lexical analyzer generator 5 hrs. 2.5 Syntax Analysis: The role of parser, Context free grammars, Writing a grammars, Top-down parsing, Bottom-up parsing, Operator-preceding parsing, LR parsing, Ambiguous grammar. 2.6 Syntax Directed Translation: Syntax-directed definition, Syntax tree and its construction, Evaluation of S-attributed definitions, L-attributed, Top-down translation, Recursive evaluators. 2.7 Type Checking: Type systems, Specification of a simple type checker, Type conversions.

3.1 Symbol Table Design: Function of Symbol Table, Information provided by Symbol Table, Attributes and Data Structures for symbol table 3.2 Run–time storage management

4.1 Intermediate Code Generator: High-level and Low-level Intermediate representation, Syntax tree & DAG representations, Three-address code, Quadruples, Triples, SDT for intermediate code, Intermediate code generation for Declarations, Assignments, Control Flow, Boolean Expressions and Procedure Calls; Back patching 4.2 Code Generator: Factors affecting a code generator, Target Language, Basic blocks and flow graphs, Dynamic programming code-generation algorithm 4.3 Code Optimization: Need and criteria of Code Optimization, Basic optimization techniques 4.4 Case Studies of some compilers like C compiler, C++ complier